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48 pictures and 116 papers on the oligodendrocyte: the pictures by method, the papers by section. A picture opens large on a click and goes to its paper on a second. Every PMID oligodendro.site cites (295) is checked against PubMed for retractions at each build: none found.

Electron microscopy 15

Transmission electron micrograph of a myelinated axon in transverse section. The concentric myelin lamellae are visible surrounding the axon core. The myelin sheath is produced by an oligodendrocyte in the CNS.

user:Roadnottaken (Wikimedia Commons) · CC BY-SA 3.0

Electron micrograph of an ependyma-derived oligodendrocyte. From Meletis et al., showing the ultrastructure of an oligodendrocyte that arose from ependymal cells after spinal cord injury.

Meletis K, Barnabe-Heider F, Carlen M, Evergren E, Tomilin N et al. (Wikimedia Commons) · CC BY 4.0

TEM of transverse sections of rat spinal cord showing remyelination of spared axons by iPS-derived OPCs after contusive SCI. Thin remyelinating sheaths are visible around axons.

All AH, Gharibani P, Gupta S, Bazley FA, Pashai N, Chou BK et al. (Wikimedia Commons) · CC BY 4.0

Overview of the segmentation approach for electron microscopic data. a, Preprocessed transmission electron microscopic data of human corpus callosum (CC). b, Semantic prediction of the preprocessed data by the trained DenseNet, returning a likelihood of each pixel to belong to either background (violet), axon (teal), or myelin (yellow). c, Post-processed final segmentation. Each instance of a fiber (axon and myelin sheath) is labelled with a different random color. d–f, Analogous to a–c, with transmission electron microscopic data of human superficial white matter (SWM). The dashed region in f is shown in g,h. The measurement of axon (g) and myelination (h) diameters is based on ellipses fitted to each structure. Points show the centroid of each structure, axes show half of the minor axis of the fitted ellipse for the axon (solid line) and myelin (dashed line). i, Measurements (SWM: n = 220,431, CC: n = 163,133) from g, h are used for statistical assessment of local ultrastructure. We treat the short axis (half of which is shown in yellow in g, h) of the fitted ellipse as the actual diameter of each structure. All scale bars are 2 µm.

Ruthig, von der Planitz, Morozova et al 2025, PLOS Biology · CC BY 4.0

Neural precursors form compact myelin sheaths after transplantation into adult or neonatal Plp1-tg mice. ( A ) Light microscopy image of beta galactosidase-positive cells in the corpus callosum (delineated) of a Plp1-tg transplant recipient, 14 days post transplantation. ( B ) Corpus callosum of another transplant recipient showing that transplanted GFP-positive neurospheres form MBP-positive myelin. ( C and D ) Electron micrographs showing that the transplanted cells generate oligodendrocytes that wrap axons with normal-appearing myelin sheaths in which the inner tongue (black arrow), periaxonal space (arrowhead)

Gruenenfelder, McLaughlin, Griffiths et al 2020, Brain · CC BY 4.0

Myelin characterization in the cerebellum of WT and ASMko mice. (A) Electron micrographs of white matter from cerebellar lobules of WT and ASMko mice at P10, P20, and P90. Red asterisks indicate intracellular accumulation of electron-dense lipid droplets in ASMko samples; by P90, signs of fiber degeneration and axonal loss become evident (yellow arrowheads). Only transverse sections of myelinated fibers with intact axonal morphology and normally compacted myelin were included for g-ratio measurements. Scale bar: 10 um. (B) Graphs show mean +/- SEM g-ratio of myelin thickness of wt and ASMko mice at P10, P20, and P90; P10: Statistical analysis was performed using two-tailed t test. n = 4 wt, 3 ASMko, P = 0.857; P20: n = 3 per genotype, P = 0.459; P90: n = 5 per genotype, P = 0.853. (C) Scatter plot showing the relationship between g-ratio and axon diameter (< 3 um) in wt and ASMko mice. Linear regression analyses reveal no significant differences between genotypes. More than 150 fibers were analyzed from at least three mice per genotype.

Guerrero-Valero, Melgarejo, Marchena et al 2026, EMBO Molecular Medicine · CC BY 4.0

Emodin promotes OL lineage progression in the CC and hippocampal DG in VD rats. (A, B) Representative images of double-staining for NG2 and Ki67 in the CC and DG. DAPI (nuclei, blue), NG2 (OPCs, red), Ki67+ (proliferating cells, green). White arrows indicate NG2+Ki67+ proliferating OPCs. High-magnification images were taken from the CC and DG separately. Scale bar: 20 um. (C, D) The ratio of the number of NG2+Ki67+ cells to that of NG2+ cells (%) in the CC and the DG. (E, F) The ratio of the number of Olig2+CC1+ cells to that of Olig2+ cells (%) and average number of CC1+ cells per mm2 in the CC and DG regions. (G, H) Representative images of double-staining for Olig2 and CC1 in the CC and DG of the hippocampus. DAPI (nuclei, blue), Olig2 (oligodendrocyte lineage cells, green), CC1 (mature OLs, red). White arrows indicate Olig2+CC1+ mature OLs. (**p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 vs. Control; ##p < 0.01, ###p < 0.001 vs. VD. Data are represented as mean +/- SEM, n = 5-6 rats per group, 3 brain slices per animal; CC, corpus callosum; DG, dentate gyrus).

Wang, Dong, He et al 2026, CNS Neuroscience and Therapeutics · CC BY 4.0

GDF11 promotes OPC differentiation and maturation in vitro. (A) Representative bright-field image of purified OPCs from mouse pup brains and immunofluorescence staining of Olig2 (red) with DAPI (blue) for purity assessment. Scale bar, 100 um. (B) OPCs were treated with vehicle (Veh) or GDF11 for 48 h, and cell viability was assessed by MTT assay. Data are presented as mean +/- SEM from three independent experiments (each with six technical replicates per group). (C) Real-time PCR analysis of Mbp and Cnp mRNA levels in OPC cultures after GDF11 or Veh treatment ( n = 3 independent experiments). (D) Representative immunofluorescence images of OPC differentiation after treatment with GDF11 (100 ng/mL) or Veh. Scale bar, 100 um. (E) Quantification of the relative proportion of maturing OLs after GDF11 (100 ng/mL) or Veh treatment ( n = 3 independent experiments). (F) Representative immunofluorescence images of MBP (red) showing membrane sheet area (outlined by dashed boxes) and quantification of MBP + membrane sheet area after GDF11 (100 ng/mL) or Veh treatment ( n = 3 independent experiments). The data are presented as mean +/- SEM. ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001; ns, not significant.

Zhang, Yan, Huang et al 2026, CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics · CC BY 4.0

Myelin sheath onset and ultrastructure is not impacted by Piezo1 loss. A) Electron microscopy images of ventral cervical spinal cord of control (fl/fl) and Piezo1 cKO mice. Scale = 1 um. B) The percent of myelinated axons is unchanged at P5 (p = 0.40), P15 (p = 0.38), and P30 (p = 0.48). n = 3-4 mice, >300 axons/mouse. C) Average myelin sheath thickness at P15 and P30, p = 0.47 at P15, p = 0.28 at P30. n = 3 mice, 189-247 sheaths/mouse. All p values comparing littermate control (Piezo1 fl/fl) and Piezo1 cKO mice using an unpaired t test with Welch correction. D) Myelin sheath thickness on small diameter axons (<2 um) at P15, p = 0.23, and P30, p = 0.49. n = 3 mice, 150-212 axons/mouse. E) Myelin sheath thickness on the large diameter axons (>2 um) at P15, p = 0.49, and P30, p = 0.47. n = 3 mice, 25-46 axons/mouse. F) Representative images of myelin outfoldings from P15 mice. Yellow arrowheads indicate myelin outfoldings. Scale bar = 1 um. G) Percent of myelin sheaths that contain outfoldings at P15, p = 0.40 and P30, p = 0.84. n = 3 mice, with 385-561 sheaths/mouse. Graph bars indicate mean and standard deviation.

Young, Galfano, Reyngoudt et al 2026, PLOS Biology · CC BY 4.0

Myelin sheath onset and ultrastructure is not impacted by Piezo1 loss. A) Electron microscopy images of ventral cervical spinal cord of control (fl/fl) and Piezo1 cKO mice. Scale = 1 um. B) The percent of myelinated axons is unchanged at P5 (p = 0.40), P15 (p = 0.38), and P30 (p = 0.48). n = 3-4 mice, >300 axons/mouse. C) Average myelin sheath thickness at P15 and P30, p = 0.47 at P15, p = 0.28 at P30. n = 3 mice, 189-247 sheaths/mouse. All p values comparing littermate control (Piezo1 fl/fl) and Piezo1 cKO mice using an unpaired t test with Welch's correction. D) Myelin sheath thickness on small diameter axons (<2 um) at P15, p = 0.23, and P30, p = 0.49. n = 3 mice, 150-212 axons/mouse. E) Myelin sheath thickness on the large diameter axons (>2 um) at P15, p = 0.49, and P30, p = 0.47. n = 3 mice, 25-46 axons/mouse. F) Representative images of myelin outfoldings from P15 mice. Yellow arrowheads indicate myelin outfoldings. Scale bar = 1 um. G) Percent of myelin sheaths that contain outfoldings at P15, p = 0.40 and P30, p = 0.84. n = 3 mice, with 385-561 sheaths/mouse. Graph bars indicate mean and standard deviation.

Young, Galfano, Reyngoudt et al 2026, PLOS Biology · CC BY 4.0

Myelin sheath onset and ultrastructure is not impacted by Piezo1 loss. A) Electron microscopy images of ventral cervical spinal cord of control (fl/fl) and Piezo1 cKO mice. Scale = 1 um. B) The percent of myelinated axons is unchanged at P5 (p = 0.40), P15 (p = 0.38), and P30 (p = 0.48). n = 3-4 mice, >300 axons/mouse. C) Average myelin sheath thickness at P15 and P30, p = 0.47 at P15, p = 0.28 at P30. n = 3 mice, 189-247 sheaths/mouse. D) Myelin sheath thickness on small diameter axons (<2 um) at P15, p = 0.23, and P30, p = 0.49. n = 3 mice, 150-212 axons/mouse. E) Myelin sheath thickness on the large diameter axons (>2 um) at P15, p = 0.49, and P30, p = 0.47. n = 3 mice, 25-46 axons/mouse. F) Representative images of myelin outfoldings from P15 mice. Yellow arrowheads indicate myelin outfoldings. Scale bar = 1 um. G) Percent of myelin sheaths that contain outfoldings at P15, p = 0.40 and P30, p = 0.84. n = 3 mice, with 385-561 sheaths/mouse.

Young, Galfano, Reyngoudt et al 2026, PLOS Biology · CC BY 4.0

Pbx3 Deletion Delays Myelin Gene Expression. (a) Representative immunofluorescence images of MBP staining in Ctrl and Pbx3 cKO mice at indicated ages. Scale bar: 100 um. (b) Quantification of MBP immunofluorescence intensity in cc and CTX of Ctrl and Pbx3 cKO mice at P14, P27, and P50. Statistical analyses are limited to pairwise comparisons between control and cKO mice within each matched age; no statistical tests or direct quantitative comparisons are performed across different developmental ages. Data are presented as mean +/- SEM. n = 3 mice per group. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01; **** p < 0.0001, Unpaired Student t-test.

Yang, Ling, Zhang et al 2026, Journal of Developmental Biology · CC BY 4.0

Myelin sheath onset and ultrastructure is not impacted by Piezo1 loss. A) Electron microscopy images of ventral cervical spinal cord of control (fl/fl) and Piezo1 cKO mice. Scale = 1 um. B) The percent of myelinated axons is unchanged at P5 (p = 0.40), P15 (p = 0.38), and P30 (p = 0.48). n = 3-4 mice, >300 axons/mouse. C) Average myelin sheath thickness at P15 and P30, p = 0.47 at P15, p = 0.28 at P30. n = 3 mice, 189-247 sheaths/mouse. All p values comparing littermate control (Piezo1 fl/fl) and Piezo1 cKO mice using an unpaired t test with Welch's correction. D) Myelin sheath thickness on small diameter axons (<2 um) at P15, p = 0.23, and P30, p = 0.49. n = 3 mice, 150-212 axons/mouse. E) Myelin sheath thickness on the large diameter axons (>2 um) at P15, p = 0.49, and P30, p = 0.47. n = 3 mice, 25-46 axons/mouse. F) Representative images of myelin outfoldings from P15 mice. Yellow arrowheads indicate myelin outfoldings. Scale bar = 1 um. G) Percent of myelin sheaths that contain outfoldings at P15, p = 0.40 and P30, p = 0.84. n = 3 mice, with 385-561 sheaths/mouse. Graph bars indicate mean and standard deviation.

Young, Galfano, Reyngoudt et al 2026, PLOS Biology · CC BY 4.0

Myelin sheath onset and ultrastructure is not impacted by Piezo1 loss. A) Electron microscopy images of ventral cervical spinal cord of control (fl/fl) and Piezo1 cKO mice. Scale = 1 um. B) The percent of myelinated axons is unchanged at P5 (p = 0.40), P15 (p = 0.38), and P30 (p = 0.48). n = 3-4 mice, >300 axons/mouse. C) Average myelin sheath thickness at P15 and P30, p = 0.47 at P15, p = 0.28 at P30. n = 3 mice, 189-247 sheaths/mouse. D) Myelin sheath thickness on small diameter axons (<2 um) at P15, p = 0.23, and P30, p = 0.49. n = 3 mice, 150-212 axons/mouse. E) Myelin sheath thickness on the large diameter axons (>2 um) at P15, p = 0.49, and P30, p = 0.47. n = 3 mice, 25-46 axons/mouse. F) Representative images of myelin outfoldings from P15 mice. Yellow arrowheads indicate myelin outfoldings. Scale bar = 1 um. G) Percent of myelin sheaths that contain outfoldings at P15, p = 0.40 and P30, p = 0.84. n = 3 mice, with 385-561 sheaths/mouse.

Young, Galfano, Reyngoudt et al 2026, PLOS Biology · CC BY 4.0

The majority of myelin whorls are located within oligodendrocyte cytosol and are associated with myelinated axons, as revealed by SBEM. ( A ) Workflow for SBEM imaging and analysis of P14 optic nerves, including tissue preparation, SBEM imaging (Z-step size: 35 nm), manual segmentation, and 3D reconstruction. Created in BioRender. ( B-C'') SBEM reconstruction of P14 Tfeb F/F (B-B'') and Olig2-Cre; Tfeb F/F optic nerves (C-C''). ( D and D' ) Representative SBEM sections along the z-axis of a detached whorl (D), and its reconstruction (D') in the Olig2-Cre; Tfeb F/F optic nerve. ( E and E' ) Representative SBEM sections along the z-axis of a whorl associated with a myelinated axon (E), and its reconstruction (E') in the Olig2-Cre; Tfeb F/F optic nerve. The myelin whorl is outlined in blue, while the myelinated axon is outlined in magenta. The dashed line outlines the myelin sheaths that surround the axon and myelin whorl. ( F ) Quantification of the proportion of total whorl volume to the total optic nerve volume imaged by SBEM in P14 Tfeb F/F (Cntl) and Olig2-Cre; Tfeb F/F (cKO) optic nerves. ( G ) Quantification of individual whorl size in P14 control and Tfeb cKO optic nerves. ( H ) Quantification of 'detached' (13.68% in control, 22.92% in Tfeb cKO) and 'attached' whorl percentage (86.32% in control, 77.08% in Tfeb cKO). ( I ) Schematics showing detached myelin whorls and myelin whorls associated with myelinated axons. (Scale bar, 10 um for B', B'', C' and C''; and 1 um in D, D', E, and E').

Barbosa, Bhambri, Vasquez et al 2026, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · CC BY 4.0

Immunostaining and fluorescence 21

Confocal image of oligodendrocytes in adult mouse brain stained with the Rip antibody (green). Cell nuclei are counterstained with DAPI (blue). The branching processes characteristic of myelinating oligodendrocytes are visible.

Oleg Tsupykov (Wikimedia Commons) · CC BY-SA 4.0

Ependymal cell-derived progeny after spinal cord injury. The image shows ependymal-derived cells immunoreactive for oligodendrocyte markers, demonstrating that ependymal cells can contribute oligodendrocytes to the injury response.

Meletis K, Barnabe-Heider F, Carlen M, Evergren E, Tomilin N et al. (Wikimedia Commons) · CC BY 4.0

Immunofluorescence of oligodendrocytes differentiated from human iPSCs. O4 (green) marks the oligodendrocyte surface; MBP (red) marks myelin basic protein. The two markers co-localise in mature oligodendrocytes.

Yamashita T, Miyamoto Y, Bando Y, Ono T, Kobayashi S, Doi A et al. (Wikimedia Commons) · CC BY 4.0

OPCs and oligodendrocytes differentiated from human iPSCs (A3 line). Fluorescence images show the differentiation protocol outcome and marker expression.

Yamashita T, Miyamoto Y, Bando Y, Ono T, Kobayashi S, Doi A et al. (Wikimedia Commons) · CC BY 4.0

Indirect immunofluorescence defining the early stages of oligodendrocyte differentiation from iPSCs into neural progenitors (NP) and glial progenitors (GP).

All AH, Gharibani P, Gupta S, Bazley FA, Pashai N, Chou BK et al. (Wikimedia Commons) · CC BY 4.0

IFN-responsive oligodendrocytes localize to aged white matter close to CD8+ T cells. a, Immunofluorescence staining and quantification of C4b, Serpina3n, B2m and STAT1 in CC1+ oligodendrocytes in the white matter of 3- and 24-month-old mice (C4b+CC1+, 3-month, n = 3, 24-month, n = 5; Serpina3n+CC1+, 3-month, n = 6, 24-month, n = 4; B2m+CC1+, 3-month, n = 4, 24-month, n = 4; STAT1+CC1+, 3-month, n = 5, 24-month, n = 5; data are mean ± s.e.m.). Scale bar, 20 µm; for B2m, 10 µm.

Kaya, Mattugini, Liu et al 2022, Nature Neuroscience · CC BY 4.0

Effects of repeated sevoflurane exposure on OPC proliferation, differentiation, and myelination in neonatal mice. (A) IF staining of PDGFRα (green) and BrdU (red) in the hippocampal CA1 region. Colocalized cells (yellow) are indicated by white arrows, and nuclei were counterstained with DAPI (blue) (scale bar = 100 μm). (B) Quantitative analysis of PDGFRα+ cells and PDGFRα+/BrdU+ double-positive cells; n = 3 mice/group. (C) IF staining of Olig2 (red) and CC1 (green) in the hippocampal CA1 region. Colocalized cells (yellow) are indicated by white arrows, and nuclei were counterstained with DAPI (blue) (scale bar = 100 μm). (D) Quantitative analysis of Olig2+ cells and Olig2+/CC1+ double-positive cells; n = 3 mice/group. (E) WB analysis of PDGFRα protein expression in hippocampal tissue. (F) Quantitative analysis of PDGFRα protein band intensity; n = 3 mice/group. (G) WB analysis of Olig2 and CNPase protein expression in hippocampal tissue.

Liu, Bai, Liu et al 2026, CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics · CC BY 4.0

MBP immunoreactivity in the p15 and p28 cerebellum. a–d The p15 cerebellum is characterized by intensive immunoreactivity for MBP throughout the WM. The density of MBP-positive fibers also increased within the DCN (star in a) and the IGL of all lobules. In the proximal parts of the lobules, MBP-positive fibers are found almost up to the PCL (a, c). Distally, MBP-positive fibers do not yet reach the PCL (b, d). At the tips of the lobular WM, MBP-positive fibers branch radially in all directions (b). Arrowheads in c and d point out MBP-positive fibers running more or less parallel to the PCL. e, f In the p28 cerebellum, many MBP-positive fibers ascend through the IGL up to the PCL. Whereas they emanate at flat angles from the white matter in proximal parts of the lobules (e), more distally,

Groteklaes, Bönisch, Eiberger et al 2020, Cerebellum (London, England) · CC BY 4.0

Age-related changes in the intensity of MBP signals in the macaque brain. A, Schematic diagram illustrates the role of MBP in maintaining myelin sheath integrity. B, Representative images of immunohistochemistry (IHC) showing MBP signals (brown) in Brodmann areas BA46 and BA9, as well as layer 1 of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) in macaques at ages 5, 10, 15, and 30 years. Scale bar as indicated. C, Relative intensities of IHC MBP signals shown in panel B were quantified using ImageJ. Data are presented as mean ± SD (n = 5 macaques per age group; * p = 0.0038, unpaired t test).

Zhang, Yao, Lv et al 2026, eNeuro · CC BY 4.0

TDAG8 deficiency does not affect normal myelination in the mouse brain. A. The mRNA analysis of pdgfrα, cnpase and mbp expression in whole brain homogenates did not reveal differences between the TDAG8 KO and WT mice. B. Representative images of immunohistochemically stained WT and TDAG8 KO mice brains (cerebellum) show no differences in myelination between the two genotypes.

Caratis, Opiełka, Hausmann et al 2024, PLOS ONE · CC BY 4.0

Defective myelination in the ATRX-null mouse forebrain. d Immunofluorescence microscopy of P20 brain cryosections stained with anti-MOG (green) and anti-MBP (red) antibodies confirms decreased levels of these myelin proteins in the cortex (Ctx) and corpus callosum (CC) of the forebrain of AtrxFoxG1Cre mice compared to controls (Ctrl) (n = 3 animals for each genotype).

Rowland, Jiang, Shafiq et al 2023, Nature Communications · CC BY 4.0

CNP-1 immunoreactivity in the early postnatal mouse cerebellum (p0–p6). a CNP-1-positive cells in the p4 cerebellar anlage are roundish and may be found in the velum medullare (arrowheads in a) and the anteriormost parts of the cerebellar anlage. Sagittal section close to the midline; anterior is to the left. b In the brainstem, CNP-1-positive structures have a fibrous morphology at this age. c, d CNP-1-positive cells at p6. Immunoreactive cells can again be detected in the velum medullare (arrowhead in c). They can now also be seen in the nascent central WM and the nascent WM extending into t

Groteklaes, Bönisch, Eiberger et al 2020, Cerebellum (London, England) · CC BY 4.0

No detectable gross abnormality in oligodendrocyte development in Zdhhc9 KO mice. ( A ) Fluorescent (upper) an

Jeong, Gonzalez-Fernandez, Crawley et al 2025, eLife · CC BY 4.0

Confocal fluorescence image of rat oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs). NG-2-positive OPCs in green, GFAP-positive astrocytes in red, nuclei counterstained with Hoechst 33342 in blue. Two distinct cell types from a mixed glial culture.

Oleg Tsupykov (Wikimedia Commons) · CC BY-SA 4.0

Confocal image of oligodendrocytes in rat brain stained for MBP (myelin basic protein, red) and DNA/nuclei (DAPI, blue). Two oligodendrocyte cell bodies are visible; myelinated axons appear as hollow 'tramlines' because MBP is absent from the axon core.

GerryShaw / EnCor Biotechnology (Wikimedia Commons) · CC BY-SA 4.0

Impaired differentiation of ASMko OL. ( A ) Schematic representation of the OL lineage, illustrating the progressive morphological transition from bipolar OPCs through pre-myelination OLs to highly branched, mature, and myelinating OLs, together with the stage-specific markers used in this study (Olig2, NG2, PDGFRalpha, A2B5, CNPase, O1, MBP). These markers identify successive maturation states, with Olig2 labeling the entire lineage. ( B - D ) Representative immunofluorescence images of Olig2 ( B ), NG2 ( C ), and CNPase ( D ) in the apical region of cerebellar lobules from WT and ASMko mice at P90. Scale bar: 50 um. ( E ) Representative immunofluorescence images of MBP in the retina of WT and ASMko mice after transplantation of WT or ASMko OLs onto RGCs. Scale bar: 50 um. ( G ) Representative immunofluorescence images of NG2 in 4-day differentiated OL cultures from WT or ASMko OLs treated with vehicle, and in WT OLs treated with SM. Scale bar: 50 um. ( H ) Representative immunofluorescence images of MBP in 4-day differentiated OL cultures from WT or ASMko OLs treated with vehicle, or in WT OLs treated with SM. Scale bar: 50 um.

Guerrero-Valero, Melgarejo, Marchena et al 2026, EMBO Molecular Medicine · CC BY 4.0

In vitro and in vivo differentiation of iNPC-derived OPCs into mature and myelinating oligodendrocytes. (A) Representative FACS plots for CD140a and O4 at day 48. Their expression was analyzed by flow cytometry. (B) Morphological change from OPC to mature oligodendrocyte. The dotted box indicates the area enlarged below, showing multiple elongated and highly branched processes. Scale bars: 200 um. (C) Immunofluorescence analysis of MBP+ cells in CD140a+, CD140a+/O4+ and O4+ cells at day 5 of maturation. DAPI was used as a nuclear counterstain. Scale bar: 50 um. (D) Quantification of MBP+ cells in CD140a+, CD140a+/O4+ and O4+ cells (n = 4). * p < 0.05; ns, not significant (one-way ANOVA). (E) Immunofluorescence analysis of MBP+ and PLP1+ cells ensheathing nanofibers merged with bright field and DAPI. Scale bars: 20 um. (F) Quantification of ensheathed MBP+/PLP1+ cells on nanofibers (n = 6). DAPI was used as a nuclear counterstain.

Park, Kang, Kim et al 2026, Cells · CC BY 4.0

OPC differentiation and maturation are impaired in Rxrg-/- cultures through a Shh-dependent mechanism. (A, B) Graphs show the percentage of OPCs (A, NG2-positive cells) and mature oligodendrocytes (B, MBP-positive cells) in WT and Rxrg-/- cultures at 6 DIVs after exposure to T3 or vehicle. (C) Representative pictures of OPCs (NG2-positive cells) and mature oligodendrocytes (MBP-positive cells) in WT and Rxrg-/- cultures. (D) Percentage of MBP-positive cells in WT and Rxrg-/- cultures treated with cyclopamine or vehicle, alone or in combination with T3. Scale bar 100 um. (E, F) Expression of Mbp at mRNA (E) and protein (F) level in WT cultures treated with cyclopamine or SAG compared to untreated cells.

Baldassarro, Brassart, Fraulob et al 2026, Glia · CC BY 4.0

Luxol fast blue and PLP staining of human MS white matter showing myelin blisters at the edge of a micro-diffusely abnormal white matter lesion, reflecting focal myelin disruption without overt demyelination.

Luchicchi A 2024, Annals of clinical and translational neurology · CC BY 4.0

Luxol fast blue (LFB) and proteolipid protein (PLP) immunostaining of human white matter from an MS brain, showing micro-diffusely abnormal white matter (mDAWM) with focal myelin swellings characteristic of an early pre-demyelinating lesion.

Luchicchi A 2024, Annals of clinical and translational neurology · CC BY 4.0

Immunohistochemistry for myelin basic protein (MBP) in human MS white matter showing variation in myelin density across lesion and perilesional zones, used to assess the degree of remyelination following treatment with sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulators.

Ricigliano VAG 2026, Frontiers in immunology · CC BY 4.0

Stained sections and smears 5

Prophylactic OM-MOG prevents the development of spinal cord neuropathology during MOG-EAE in DR2b.Ab° mice. Neuropathological analysis of spinal cord sections from prophylactic vehicle- (upper and middle panels) and OM-MOG-injected (lower panels) DR2b.Ab° mice on day 36 post-immunization for EAE. Inflammatory cell infiltration was visualized by H&E (A, D); demyelination by Luxol fast blue [(B) and enlarged inset, (E)]; axon damage by Bielschowsky's silver staining [(C) and enlarged inset, (F)]. Vehicle-treated mice show large confluent inflammatory, demyelinating lesions with axon damage typical of MOG-EAE (arrowheads). OM-MOG-vaccinated mice showed no spinal cord pathology. Scale bars 500 μM (A–F), 100 μM enlarged inserts in middle panels.

Dagkonaki, Avloniti, Evangelidou et al 2020, Frontiers in Immunology · CC BY

miR-145-5p is upregulated in chronic lesion tissue from SPMS brains. a, b Luxol fast blue/hematoxylin and eosin stained human brain tissue from healthy control white matter (HCWM), and normal appearing white matter (NAWM), active and chronic inactive lesion tissue from SPMS brain. a Scale bar = 1 mm. b Magnified from (a); scale bar = 50 µm.

Kornfeld, Cummings, Yaworski et al 2024, Communications Biology · CC BY 4.0

Anti-Olig2 staining of the white matter of a healthy older individual: Both strongly (arrows) and weakly Olig2-positive nuclei are identified.

Stork L, Stephan J, Kutllovci A et al. Impaired remyelination in late-onset multiple sclerosis. Acta Neuropathol. 2025. PMID 40167776 · CC BY 4.0

Histopathology of different demyelinating lesion activities. Panels a-c illustrate an early active demyelinating lesion, representing the initial stage of demyelination. At this stage, degradation products from both major (e.g., MBP) and minor (e.g., MAG) myelin proteins are present within phagocytes. a LFB/PAS staining reveals a demyelinated lesion containing multiple foamy macrophages. The inset shows an enlarged microscopic image of foamy macrophages with LFB-positive myelin debris; b Anti-myelin basic protein (MBP) staining of the early active lesion reflects myelin destruction and highlights numerous macrophages filled with myelin degradation products; c Anti-myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) staining also shows multiple macrophages containing MAG-positive degradation products, a minor myelin protein. Panels d-f depict a late active demyelinating lesion, representing the subsequent stage of demyelination, where only degradation products from major myelin proteins (e.g., MBP) can be identified within phagocytes. d LFB/PAS staining shows a completely demyelinated lesion with reactive astrogliosis and foamy macrophages; e Anti-MBP staining reflects an advanced stage of demyelination, with only a few macrophages containing MBP-positive degradation products (see inset for MBP-positive macrophages); f In contrast, no degradation products from minor myelin proteins, such as MAG, are detected within macrophages, as demonstrated by anti-MAG staining. Panels g-i present an inactive demyelinated lesion, where no active demyelination processes are observed. g LFB/PAS staining reveals a demyelinated lesion accompanied by reactive astrogliosis and foamy macrophages; h Anti-MBP staining shows newly formed, thin myelinated fibers, indicating early remyelination. However, no myelin degradation products are observed within macrophages; i Anti-MAG staining also identifies early remyelination. LFB/PAS Luxol fast blue/periodic acid-Schiff, MBP myelin basic protein, MAG myelin-associated glycoprotein, Scale bars: a, d and g 200 um; b, f and i 50 um; e and h 100 um; c 20 um

Stork, Stephan, Kutllovci et al 2025, Acta Neuropathologica · CC BY 4.0

H&E stain of human brain autopsy tissue (formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded) showing oligodendrocytes with the classic fried-egg appearance: round pale perinuclear halo from formalin fixation artefact, small dark nucleus. High magnification.

Jensflorian (Wikimedia Commons) · CC BY-SA 4.0

Light microscopy 1

Bright field microscopy showing the stages of oligodendrocyte differentiation from human iPSCs (BC1 line). The progression from OPC to immature and then mature oligodendrocyte can be followed by the elaboration of processes and flattening of the cell body.

All AH, Gharibani P, Gupta S, Bazley FA, Pashai N, Chou BK et al. (Wikimedia Commons) · CC BY 4.0

Other micrographs 4

Semithin sections of lesioned cerebellar white matter showing that remyelination is dependent on NMDA receptor activation. Remyelinating axons show thin myelin sheaths characteristic of newly formed oligodendrocyte internodes.

Lundgaard I, Luzhynskaya A, Stockley JH, Wang Z, Evans KA, Sibson N et al. (Wikimedia Commons) · CC BY 4.0

Monkey ESC-derived OPCs (CMK6SFF) co-cultured with rat DRG neurons demonstrate myelinogenic potency in vitro. MBP-positive (red) myelin segments wrap along axons.

Yamashita T, Miyamoto Y, Bando Y, Ono T, Kobayashi S, Doi A et al. (Wikimedia Commons) · CC BY 4.0

Astrocytic Nrf2 and cholesterol pathways are altered in chronic human brain lesions with poor remyelination potential and oligodendrocyte death. a Nrf2+ (yellow) astrocytes (GFAP+; cyan) (arrows) with Hoechst in blue. Scale bar, 100 μm. e Active caspase-3+ (yellow) oligodendrocytes (TPPP/p25+; cyan, and Olig2+; magenta) (arrows) in control (CT), remyelinated (RM), active (A) and inactive lesions (I) from multiple sclerosis (MS) cases.

Molina-Gonzalez, Holloway, Jiwaji et al 2023, Nature Communications · CC BY 4.0

The majority of myelin whorls are located within oligodendrocyte cytosol and are associated with myelinated axons, as revealed by SBEM. (A) Workflow for SBEM imaging and analysis of P14 optic nerves, including tissue preparation, SBEM imaging (Z-step size: 35 nm), manual segmentation, and 3D reconstruction. (B-C'') SBEM reconstruction of P14 TfebF/F (B-B'') and Olig2-Cre; TfebF/F optic nerves (C-C''). (B) and (C) show the SBEM volume sizes and whorl densities from TfebF/F and Olig2-Cre; TfebF/F optic nerves, respectively. The reconstructed myelin whorls can be visualized by maximum projections from the top view (B' and C') and side view (B'' and C'') in TfebF/F (B' and B'') and Olig2-Cre; TfebF/F optic nerves (C' and C''). (D and D') Representative SBEM sections along the z-axis of a detached whorl (D), and its reconstruction (D') in the Olig2-Cre; TfebF/F optic nerve. (E and E') Representative SBEM sections along the z-axis of a whorl associated with a myelinated axon (E), and its reconstruction (E') in the Olig2-Cre; TfebF/F optic nerve. The myelin whorl is outlined in blue, while the myelinated axon is outlined in yellow. Scale bar, 5 um (D and E).

Barbosa, Bhambri, Vasquez et al 2026, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · CC BY 4.0

Figures and diagrams 2

NIH BioArt illustration of an oligodendrocyte showing its branching processes, which wrap around multiple axons to form the myelin sheath. Public domain image courtesy of NIAID.

Courtesy of NIAID / Ryan Kissinger (Wikimedia Commons) · Public domain

Scientific illustration showing the four types of glial cells in the CNS: ependymal cells, astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocytes. The oligodendrocyte is shown with processes wrapping around axons.

Artwork by Holly Fischer (Wikimedia Commons) · CC BY 3.0

Recent Publications 115

Filed by MeSH heading or keyword; each paper says which one matched. The Recent Publications page holds the dated feed.

  1. Yang Y, Ling J, Zhang Z, Yuan J, Zhang K, Xiao X, et al. PBX3 Promotes Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cell Proliferation and Differentiation During Early Postnatal Development. J Dev Biol. 2026;14:42. PMID: 42783550. research paper
  2. Ricigliano VAG. Effects of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulators on remyelination in multiple sclerosis: evidence from in vitro experiments, animal models and human studies. Front Immunol. 2026;17:1895118. PMID: 42780639. research paper
  3. Kwon YN, Leal Rato M, Kim JS, Park KS, Lee HS, Baek SH, et al. Human Autoantibodies Against MOG Isoforms: α3 Antibodies Suggest Relapsing Disease Course in Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody-Associated Disease. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm. 2026;13:e200660. PMID: 42777168. research paper
  4. Young AR, Galfano A, Reyngoudt J, Lewis RW, Cash M, Polis B, et al. Myelin sheath lengths in the central nervous system scale to axon diameter via oligodendroglial Piezo1. PLoS Biol. 2026;24:e3003992. PMID: 42766666. research paper
  5. Gumienny M. Autoimmune inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system: advances in clinical trials and immunotherapeutic strategies. Reumatologia. 2026;64:287-295. PMID: 42761870. research paper
  6. Gamo K, Koike T, Oe S, Iwashita H, Okamura K, Yamanaka H, et al. Spatiotemporal Heterogeneity of Sulfatide Molecular Species During Schwann Cell Development in the Peripheral Nervous System. Glia. 2026;74:e70227. PMID: 42760604. research paper
  7. Ryan LJ, Miron VE. Oligodendrocytes in central nervous system health and disease. Cell. 2026;189:6217-6242. PMID: 42759515. research paper
  8. Baidya D, Sarkar T, Ray BK, Hui SP. Regulatory T cells as drivers of CNS remyelination: neuro-immune cross-talk and comparative insights from mammalian and zebrafish models. Int Rev Immunol. 2026:1-16. PMID: 42747225. research paper
  9. Børresen ML, Christensen JR, Linnet KM, Nilsson C, Papp V, Svendsen KB, et al. [Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease]. Ugeskr Laeger. 2026;188:V07250546. PMID: 42746943. research paper
  10. Wang X, Dong X, He C, Zhang J, Ban W, Zhu G, et al. Emodin Suppresses the RAGE/ROCK1 Pathway to Modulate the Oligodendrocyte Lineage and Ameliorate Demyelination in Vascular Dementia Rats. CNS Neurosci Ther. 2026;32:e71154. PMID: 42745680. research paper
  11. Tyystjärvi S, Ruiz Navarro DE, Kulisch LM, Hartmann AH, Sie C, Schmidt M, et al. Anti-CD40L prevents meningeal B cell aggregates and mitigates progressive autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Brain. 2026. PMID: 42744305. research paper
  12. Guo A, Shi FD, Shi K. Frequency and Characteristics of Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody-Associated Disease Accompanied by Fever: A Single-Center Retrospective Study. CNS Neurosci Ther. 2026;32:e71153. PMID: 42742457. research paper
  13. Zhang H, Lu X, Li J, Xiong M, He D, Li Z, et al. CSF/serum IL-6 ratio and its correlation with mri severity in mog antibody-associated cerebral cortical encephalitis: an exploratory pilot study. Front Immunol. 2026;17:1921290. PMID: 42741538. research paper
  14. Shurin MR, Shurin GV, Doyle CM, Lokshin AE, Wheeler SE. Schwann Cell Activity in the Multiple Sclerosis Microenvironment. Cells. 2026;15:1570. PMID: 42738867. research paper
  15. Dedunupitiya D, Go EP, Witte T, Elliott A, Mohotti NS, Williams JM, et al. Cholesterol Quantification in Brain and Spinal Cord During Development, Demyelination, and Remyelination. Molecules. 2026;31:3033. PMID: 42738693. research paper
  16. Liang X, Yi R, Ke Z, Zhang Y, Zhou L. Developmental Deficiency of Oligodendrocytes and Myelination in the Central Nervous System of the Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Mouse Model. CNS Neurosci Ther. 2026;32:e71157. PMID: 42730589. research paper
  17. Peng J, Ni J, Li F, Li T, Wei M, Ge T, et al. Temporal Mapping of CSVD-Related White Matter Lesions and Concurrent Neurovascular Dysfunction in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. CNS Neurosci Ther. 2026;32:e71142. PMID: 42723497. research paper
  18. Chumakova AP, Demetriou M, Sy M. Acute effects of high-dose corticosteroids on serum biomarker profiles in primary CNS demyelinating disease: A pilot study. Mult Scler J Exp Transl Clin. 2026;12:20552173261487037. PMID: 42719441. research paper
  19. Küllenberg E, Sun S, Wang C, Motlagh NJ, Le Fur M, Wojtkiewicz GR, et al. Complementary PET and MRI of myeloperoxidase activity as a noninvasive surrogate for tissue acrolein in experimental neuroinflammation. Neuroimage. 2026;340:122217. PMID: 42716359. research paper
  20. Deng S, Gao S, Zhou C, Lan Z, Li H, Chen J, et al. Oligodendrocyte-Targeted SGK1.1 Inhibition Alleviates White Matter Injury and Cognitive Impairment in Alzheimer's Disease via Modulation of HDAC2 Phosphorylation. CNS Neurosci Ther. 2026;32:e71150. PMID: 42711949. research paper
  21. Nanou A, Apostolou-Karampelis K, Triantafyllidou V, Sakkou M, Roumelioti F, Denis MC, et al. Fibronectin inhibition restores myelination in endothelial TNFR2-dependent nonremitting experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2026;123:e2616799123. PMID: 42709811. research paper
  22. Xu K, Yang T, Dong HR, Yin TS, Yin JJ, Song LJ, et al. Phenotypic shift of astrocytes from A1 to A2 induced by fasudil improves demyelination recovery in cuprizone-treated mice. Metab Brain Dis. 2026;41:207. PMID: 42704518. research paper
  23. Bienjonetti I, Roy V, Beaudet MJ, Louit A, Martineau L, Berthod F, et al. Rapid Generation of Functional Oligodendrocytes From Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Through Small Molecule Guided Differentiation. J Neurosci Res. 2026;104:e70155. PMID: 42703009. research paper
  24. Bai P, Cao X, Wang S, Cao Q, Li T, Li S, et al. Diquat exposure disrupts ferroportin-dependent iron homeostasis and drives ferroptosis-associated white matter injury. Environ Int. 2026;215:110496. PMID: 42691639. research paper
  25. Tang X, Zhao Z, Yao K, Fan D, Li K, Zhou J, et al. Deletion of wfs1 Impairs Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells Dorsal Distribution and Myelination Through the wfs1-hmgcs1 Axis in Zebrafish. Biology (Basel). 2026;15:1402. PMID: 42651706. research paper
  26. Hacohen Y, Androdias G, Arrambide G, Bruijstens AL, Ciccarelli O, Cobo-Calvo A, et al. De-Escalating and Discontinuing Immunotherapies in Patients With NMOSD and MOGAD. Neurology. 2026;107:e218482. PMID: 42647788. research paper
  27. BinMowyna MN, Alhenaky A, Khalifa NE, Noredin A, Batool U. Decoding multiple sclerosis: linking autoimmunity, and nutrition/environmental factors to mitochondrial dysfunction and therapeutic opportunities. 3 Biotech. 2026;16:397. PMID: 42643486. research paper
  28. Kammermeier S, Heck S, Zimmermann H, Engels D, Reindl M, Kümpfel T. Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibodies in Breast Milk in a Lactating Woman With Severe Enterovirus-Associated MOGAD. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm. 2026;13:e200637. PMID: 42641113. research paper
  29. Tang H, Sun L, Jia B, Xu T, Xiao J, Zhang R, et al. Carabrone alleviates neuroinflammation by covalently targeting ubiquitin conjugating enzyme UBE2D3 in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Eur J Pharmacol. 2026;1033:179213. PMID: 42628619. research paper
  30. Park J, Cheon SY, Guo F. Crosstalk Between Oligodendrocyte Lineage Cells and CNS-Resident and Peripheral Immune Cells Governs Demyelination and Remyelination in Multiple Sclerosis. Glia. 2026;74:e70211. PMID: 42627337. research paper
  31. Alappat M, Mazurkiewicz MA, Zambounis I, Mastrangelo A, Algaba Martínez VM, Grampp T, et al. Tmem117, an oligodendrocyte-enriched regulator of NCX activity, links myelin homeostasis to counterregulation and metabolic health. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2026;123:e2530122123. PMID: 42623448. research paper
  32. Hong K, Liang L, Li R, Song Z, Zhang M, Bu H, et al. Case Report: Probable CLIPPERS in a patient with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma in remission: 5-year follow-up. Front Immunol. 2026;17:1892153. PMID: 42620489. research paper
  33. Shukla S, Srivastava V, Gaur H, Rai A. Myelin and Oligodendrocyte Dysfunction in Demyelinating and Neurodegenerative Disorders: Signaling Pathways and Therapeutic Targets. CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets. 2026. PMID: 42613694. research paper
  34. Zhang X, Zhu Y, Song S, Liu P, Liu C, Li H, et al. The role of ECM-PIEZO1-axis-mediated mechanosensation in the central nervous system. Front Neurol. 2026;17:1881955. PMID: 42609405. research paper
  35. Frankle L, Oso M, Riley A, Tomor R, Checan DC, Lee H, et al. Oligodendrocyte and Astrocyte Dynamics During Short-Term Cuprizone Treatment. Brain Behav. 2026;16:e71660. PMID: 42603268. research paper
  36. Liao P, Zhang L, Zhang L, Hu Z. Glial-neuronal crosstalk via GABA signaling: mechanistic insights into neuropsychiatric and neurological pathophysiology. Mol Psychiatry. 2026. PMID: 42595835. research paper
  37. Zhang Z, Zhang W, Jin L, Wei C, Chen H, Cheng X, et al. Decoding TREM2: A microglial receptor governing the fate of myelin. Cell Signal. 2026;148:112815. PMID: 42595239. research paper
  38. Kazanis I, Silva ME, de la Fuente AG, de Castro F, Rivera FJ. The Neurovascular Niche: A Gathering Venue for Neuroinflammation and Remyelination in Multiple Sclerosis. Acta Physiol (Oxf). 2026;242:e70285. PMID: 42590886. research paper
  39. Misra S, Gunn TM. Beyond Neurodegeneration: White Matter Vacuolation as a Primary Myelin Defect. Int J Mol Sci. 2026;27:7066. PMID: 42589716. research paper
  40. Li T, Huang H, Li X, Leng R, Liu B, Yang G. From PLP1 Misfolding to Oligodendrocyte Degeneration: A Proteostasis-Centered Framework for Pelizaeus-Merzbacher Disease. Cells. 2026;15:1318. PMID: 42587728. research paper
  41. Guerrero-Valero M, Melgarejo E, Marchena MA, Fernández-Gómez B, Mulero-Franco J, de Castro F, et al. Targeting CD44 reverses sphingomyelin-induced oligodendrocyte maturation arrest in acid sphingomyelinase deficiency. EMBO Mol Med. 2026;18:3767-3789. PMID: 42587127. research paper
  42. Hui SW, Gao X, Yu B, Lei QJ, Liu ZY, Wu SL, et al. GPR30 Functions as a Shared Inhibitory Signal for Both Pericyte-Mediated Angiogenesis and Oligodendrocyte Myelination. Glia. 2026;74:e70206. PMID: 42584200. research paper
  43. Erdal M, Arı A, Emekli AS, Yılmaz N, Kürtüncü M. Clinical Use of Interleukin-6 Blockade in Neuroimmunological Disorders. Noro Psikiyatr Ars. 2026;63:482-494. PMID: 42583026. research paper
  44. Mariotto S, Cobo-Calvo A, Khalil M, Armangue T, Aktas O, Höftberger R, et al. Use of Fluid Biomarkers in NMOSD and MOGAD: Clinical and Research Applications. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm. 2026;13:e200627. PMID: 42579841. research paper
  45. Wei W, Jin T, Zhang L, Sun Y, Xu Y, Hong X. Case Report: Overlapping multiple sclerosis and neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus with positive MOG-IgG: a case initially misdiagnosed as depression. Front Immunol. 2026;17:1879355. PMID: 42548805. research paper
  46. Molenaar S, Buijze MSJ, Bruijstens AL, Wong YYM, Quist MA, de Mol CL, et al. Update on the Incidence of Paediatric Multiple Sclerosis, Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody-Associated Disease, Aquaporin-4 Antibody-Positive Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder, and Other Acquired Demyelinating Syndromes in the Netherlands, 2017-2025, Including the COVID-19 Pandemic. Eur J Neurol. 2026;33:e70723. PMID: 42545102. research paper
  47. Chen J, Liu Z, Chen F, Cui Y, Qin L, Wang M, et al. Oligodendroglial TANGO2 Regulates Lipid Metabolism to Control Motor Coordination. FASEB J. 2026;40:e72155. PMID: 42522778. research paper
  48. Lv X, Li C, Zhang Y, Luo Q, Gao T, Deng H, et al. Subacute Octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine Exposure Induces Neurobehavioral Deficits and Hippocampal Demyelination in Mice. Toxics. 2026;14:605. PMID: 42515170. research paper
  49. Ginerete RP, Facchinetti R, Ceccherelli A, Mascio G, Rubio Casado S, Di Menna L, et al. Endogenous Activation of mGlu5 Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors Is Required for Oligodendrocyte Maturation and Myelinogenesis in Mice. Cells. 2026;15:1311. PMID: 42505418. research paper
  50. Akli S, Flores-Bonilla A, Nouduri S, Scott S, Richardson HN. Adolescent drinking causes a loss of aspartoacylase-expressing oligodendrocytes and hypomyelination of anterior cingulate and corpus callosum axons in male mice, but not females. Neuroscience. 2026;612:378-394. PMID: 42501783. research paper
  51. Hagen KM, Ousman SS. Molecular Mediators Associated With Myelination, Demyelination, and Remyelination in the Peripheral Nervous System. J Peripher Nerv Syst. 2026;31:e70148. PMID: 42500904. research paper
  52. Yang Y, Bai B, Knutsen LJS, Hamlyn RJ, Cui QL, Antel J, et al. A novel small molecule remyelination therapy for multiple sclerosis. NPJ Drug Discov. 2026;3:24. PMID: 42493540. research paper
  53. Bondan EF, da Silva RG, de Fátima Martins M. Ultrastructure of the somatic motor system in Bothrops jararaca (Reptilia, Squamata, Viperidae). Res Vet Sci. 2026;210:106331. PMID: 42492257. research paper
  54. Wang Y, Ge M, Li T, Li Z, Shi X, Guo J, et al. Cellular and molecular networks governing myelination dynamics in the central nervous system. Neurosci Res. 2026;229:105091. PMID: 42468607. research paper
  55. Richter JJ, Markova B, Atalay B, Boelen A, Führer D, Mayerl S, et al. Loss of Thyroid Hormone Transporters MCT8 and OATP1C1 in Mouse Oligodendroglia Cells Results in a Delayed Oligodendrocyte Maturation and Myelination. Thyroid. 2026;36:996-1004. PMID: 42455311. research paper
  56. Wang Y, Li H, Yang X, Yang M, Hu W, Cheng X, et al. The Interaction Between Insulin Resistance and Neuroinflammation in the Brain and Its Impact on Diabetic Encephalopathy. Biology (Basel). 2026;15:990. PMID: 42450538. research paper
  57. Torres-Pérez M, de Castro F, Prunell G. Eriochrome Cyanine R revisited: a standardized myelin stain protocol for thick sections of the central & peripheral nervous system across species, pathologies and disease models. Brain Struct Funct. 2026;231:96. PMID: 42443579. research paper
  58. Chaudhry TS, Nathoo N, Coen BA, Chowdhury P, Ahmad R, Jackson-Tarlton CS, et al. Clinical course of critical demyelinating lesion-associated progressive multiple sclerosis. J Neurol. 2026;273:456. PMID: 42440141. research paper
  59. Liu C, Bai X, Liu X, Li J, Liu R, Jiang J, et al. Sodium Butyrate Attenuates Sevoflurane-Induced Impaired Myelination and Neurobehavioral Deficits in Neonatal Mice via the H3K9ac/BDNF/TrkB Pathway. CNS Neurosci Ther. 2026;32:e71026. PMID: 42423126. research paper
  60. Clarkson BDS, Schille ME, Garland IJZ, Westphal M, Howe CL. Neuronal expression of β2M and MHC I are essential for peripheral surveillance and targeting of neuron-restricted antigens. Front Neurol. 2026;17:1813496. PMID: 42422215. research paper
  61. Gebala P, Janowska J, Sypecka J. Evaluation of autophagy in neonatal rat glial cells in an in vitro model of hypoxic-ischemic injury. Sci Rep. 2026. PMID: 42401664. research paper
  62. Zupan MC, Petersen JM, Stover AC, Fairchild CA, De Silva Mohotti N, Hartley MD. Spinal cord microglia exhibit a dysfunctional response to myelin damage. J Neuroimmunol. 2026;419:579022. PMID: 42401006. research paper
  63. Zhou Y, Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Yuan T, Lassance-Soares RM, Tipparaju S, et al. Therapeutic potential of liver X receptor agonist GW3965 in preserving myelin integrity following traumatic brain injury. Br J Pharmacol. 2026;183:5621-5640. PMID: 42394260. research paper
  64. Jiang Y, Reyes EY, Lin EY, Troutman EC, Lumbreras M, DiPalma DT, et al. Anti-MOG IgG in EAE models clinical aspects of pediatric MOGAD. Front Immunol. 2026;17:1860892. PMID: 42375382. research paper
  65. Park J, Cheon SY, Barman B, Guo F. Oligodendroglia as Active Immunomodulators in Demyelinating Diseases. Neurosci Bull. 2026. PMID: 42362953. research paper
  66. Battah T, Mastorodemos V, Struecker E, Mitsikostas DD, Papadopoulos D. Myelin Repair as a Neuroprotective Strategy for Multiple Sclerosis: From Bench to Bedside. Medicina (Kaunas). 2026;62:1183. PMID: 42356195. research paper
  67. Miyata S, Shimizu S, Ishino Y. Transcriptional Heterogeneity of Oligodendrocytes: Molecular Basis of Diversity Across Development, Brain Regions, and Neurological Diseases. Neurol Int. 2026;18:108. PMID: 42347116. research paper
  68. Park J, Kang S, Kim S, Kim D, Shin B, Mun JY, et al. Generation of Functional Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cells Through Serial Replating of iPSC-Derived NPC Spheres. Cells. 2026;15:1067. PMID: 42346094. research paper
  69. Lukesh NR, Barbery BG, Clark KA, Ontiveros-Padilla L, Ehrenzeller SA, Woodring RN, et al. Autoantigen-loaded Polymeric Microparticles associate with B cells and promote tolerogenic antigen presentation in a mouse model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Nat Commun. 2026;17:7892. PMID: 42337240. research paper
  70. Margoni M, Preziosa P, Rocca MA, Filippi M. Anti-CD20 Therapies in Pediatric Acquired Demyelinating Syndromes: Evidence Across MS, AQP4-IgG-Positive NMOSD and MOGAD. CNS Drugs. 2026;40:1051-1071. PMID: 42334795. research paper
  71. Zhang Z, Yan M, Huang W, Chen Y, Lv T, Chen W. Growth Differentiation Factor 11 Is a Circulating Regulator of Oligodendrocyte Differentiation and CNS Myelin Formation and Repair. CNS Neurosci Ther. 2026;32:e71000. PMID: 42329180. research paper
  72. Donepudi K, Eadha S, Rodarte D, Sharma B, Kumar S. Cell-specific MicroRNA networks orchestrate the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Ageing Res Rev. 2026;120:103211. PMID: 42324031. research paper
  73. Hsieh CC, Tsou YS, Huang NK, Chen TC, Li SJ, Chang CW, et al. ENT1 inhibitor J4 restores cognitive function and white-matter integrity in a mouse model of tuberous sclerosis complex. J Biomed Sci. 2026;33:63. PMID: 42310739. research paper
  74. Das D, Dubey S, Sarkar P, Sarkar T, Santra A, Podder G, et al. A Study on the Spectrum of Autonomic Dysfunction in Primary Central Nervous System Demyelinating Disorders in a Tertiary Care Center from Eastern India. Ann Indian Acad Neurol. 2026;29:392-398. PMID: 42301689. research paper
  75. Vivekanandan N, Kumudhavalli MV, Kumar M. Early Anti-CD20 and CNS Penetrant BTK Inhibition to Enhance OPC-Driven Remyelination in Multiple Sclerosis. CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets. 2026. PMID: 42299013. research paper
  76. Li L, Shi Y, Luo Q, Guo P, Jin T, Ru X, et al. CYP46A1-Targeted Treatment Alleviates Long-Term White Matter Injury Following Traumatic Brain Injury by Promoting Cholesterol Metabolic Clearance and Remyelination. CNS Neurosci Ther. 2026;32:e70984. PMID: 42298866. research paper
  77. Yefimova MG, Cantereau-Becq A, Pénaud N, Barthelemy A, Berkati AK, Béré E, et al. Astrocytes exploit a neutrophil extracellular trap - like mechanism for myelin management: A new perspective on myelin-related disorders. Brain Behav Immun. 2026;137:106872. PMID: 42297311. research paper
  78. Sofer Stepanov L, Fainstein N, Lachish M, Ganz T, Shor Y, Lebiush Shalom G, et al. Pro-repair properties of a human embryonic stem cell-derived astrocyte cell therapy in demyelinating disorders. Stem Cell Reports. 2026;21:102960. PMID: 42276062. research paper
  79. Kim ME, Lee JS. Pharmacological Targeting of PI3K/Akt/mTOR and Wnt/GSK-3β Signaling in Oligodendrocyte Differentiation and Remyelination. Cells. 2026;15:1012. PMID: 42274605. research paper
  80. Barbosa D, Bhambri A, Vasquez M, Zhang Y, Sanchez G, Wert KJ, et al. Disruption to TFEB signaling and autophagy in newly formed oligodendrocytes leads to aberrant generation of CNS myelin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2026;123:e2528668123. PMID: 42268879. research paper
  81. van den Bosch AMR, Khoo JH, Lu Z, Liang H, Wever D, Pu L, et al. Microglial states associate with lesion dynamics in multiple sclerosis. Cell Rep. 2026;45:117538. PMID: 42268720. research paper
  82. Fujioka A, Shimizu K, Nakayama S, Ueno D, Chiba Y, Nakashima I, et al. DCIR-mediated inhibitory regulation of TLR7-MyD88 axis prevents autoimmune neuroinflammation. iScience. 2026;29:116094. PMID: 42256301. research paper
  83. Toman T, Svěráková A, Čapek V, Hanáková P, Němcová L, Píža R, et al. Epidemiology, diagnosis and outcomes of acquired demyelinating syndromes in children: A Czech perspective. Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2026;112:107278. PMID: 42248069. research paper
  84. Zong S, Cui X, Wu S, Lu Z. Microglia and neuroinflammation: function, heterogeneity, and crosstalk. Cell Mol Immunol. 2026;23:787-805. PMID: 42243476. research paper
  85. Bergfeldt A, Tranulis MA, Sørby R. Prenatal APPV infection delays cerebellar myelination and alters gene expression dynamics during recovery from congenital tremor in pigs. Vet Microbiol. 2026;320:111095. PMID: 42224775. research paper
  86. Morcimen-Gulicli ZG, Missirlis YF, Sendemir A. Mechanobiology of Myelin Generation/Regeneration in Health and Disease. Results Probl Cell Differ. 2026;78:379-417. PMID: 42223646. research paper
  87. Wang Y, Tan L, Lao L, Huang X, Zhang S, Sun H. Microenvironmental Regulation of Central Nervous System Myelination and Remyelination. J Integr Neurosci. 2026;25:43257. PMID: 42216638. research paper
  88. Montarolo F, Berrino L, Rominto AM, Loddo M, Balbo I, Ricci A, et al. ATM-kinase deficiency triggers early multi-compartment remodeling of the cerebellar microenvironment. Acta Neuropathol Commun. 2026;14:161. PMID: 42216076. research paper
  89. Agha Babaie N, Farnia M, Ghasemi JB. Machine learning-driven drug repurposing for GPR17: activity prediction via graph neural networks and multistage computational validation. J Biomol Struct Dyn. 2026:1-24. PMID: 42207497. research paper
  90. Adachi H, Takashima M, Futamura N. Eosinophil Recruitment and Activity in CNS Lesions of MOG Antibody-Associated Myelitis Following Influenza Vaccination: A Case Report. Case Rep Neurol Med. 2026;2026:6886402. PMID: 42200184. research paper
  91. Hackbarth ME, Hossain MS, Sabir MS, Leoyklang P, Dorward H, Burke JD, et al. A model of free sialic acid storage disorder reveals hypomyelinating leukodystrophy and Purkinje cell degeneration. Dis Model Mech. 2026;19:dmm052652. PMID: 42187043. research paper
  92. Chen R, Song X, Du Y, Hou S, Zhang M, Liu R, et al. Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease presenting as encephalitis and concurrent Epstein-Barr virus detection: a case series. Front Immunol. 2026;17:1788238. PMID: 42183195. research paper
  93. Kantarci H, Wu K, Ambiel N, Barriera EC, Cooper MH, Münch A, et al. Actin disassembly triggers CNS myelin compaction and wrapping. bioRxiv. 2026. PMID: 42182328. research paper
  94. Lam G, Xu Z, Vaquie AM, Vagionitis S, Perry M, de Faria O, et al. Myelin basic protein is an RNA chaperone in microglial nuclear retro-transport. bioRxiv. 2026. PMID: 42182303. research paper
  95. Akbar I, Arokia Doss PMI, Patel PU, Surury B, Baillargeon J, Fazazi MR, et al. Myelin antigen-specific effector CD8+ T cells induce chronic CNS autoimmunity in a CD4+ T cell-dependent manner. J Immunol. 2026;215:vkag107. PMID: 42179347. research paper
  96. Tassin A, Lacofrette L, Gomez NG, Bretonneau A, Signate A, Deiva K, et al. Descriptive Epidemiology of Pediatric Autoimmune Diseases of the Central Nervous System in the Afro-Descendant Population of the Caribbean Island of Martinique. Pediatr Neurol. 2026;180:110-116. PMID: 42167044. research paper
  97. Heidemann PL, Nilsson C, Schmidt SG, Lattwein E, Agerholm JS, Blaabjerg M, et al. Detection of neural autoantibodies in dogs with non-infectious inflammatory central nervous system disorders. J Vet Intern Med. 2026;40:aalag086. PMID: 42160750. research paper
  98. Chico-Garcia JL, Morales de la Prida M, Boix Lago A, García-Domínguez JM, Sepúlveda M, Martínez-Hernández E, et al. Rituximab and IVIG added to plasma exchange improves the outcome of severe CNS demyelinating attacks: a retrospective study. Ther Adv Neurol Disord. 2026;19:17562864261440665. PMID: 42137633. research paper
  99. Kaur T, Dushyant, Yadav N, Saini V, Devi R, Dhingra AK. Neuroinflammatory and Synaptic Roles of Glial Cells in Autism Spectrum Disorder. CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets. 2026. PMID: 42136305. research paper
  100. Mouzaki A, de Lastic AL, Apostolopoulos V, Matsoukas I. Oxidized mannan-MOG35-55 conjugate as a platform for antigen-specific immune modulation in multiple sclerosis. Front Immunol. 2026;17:1809907. PMID: 42131329. research paper
  101. Almulla AF, Normatov MG, Supasitthumrong T, Maes M. Molecular Mimicry Between Epstein-Barr Virus and Human Herpesvirus-6 Proteins and Central Nervous System Proteins: Implications for T and B Cell Immunogenicity in an In Silico Study. Immun Inflamm Dis. 2026;14:e70445. PMID: 42125999. research paper
  102. Baldassarro VA, Brassart Q, Fraulob V, Calzà L, Krezel W. RXR Gamma Enables Oligodendrocyte Differentiation by Suppressing Sonic Hedgehog Signaling. Glia. 2026;74:e70151. PMID: 41934103. research paper
  103. Zhang Y, Yao L, Lv L, Zhao B, Zhong K, Li J. Age-Related Decline in Myelin Markers and Oligodendrocyte Density in Rhesus Macaque Prefrontal Cortex. eNeuro. 2026;13:ENEURO.0418-25.2026. PMID: 41927490. research paper
  104. Jeong HK, Gonzalez-Fernandez E, Crawley I, Coakley JM, Hwang J, Martin DDO, et al. Micro-scale control of oligodendrocyte morphology and myelination by the intellectual disability-linked protein acyltransferase ZDHHC9. Elife. 2025;13:RP97151. PMID: 41031565. research paper
  105. Ruthig P, von der Planitz DE, Morozova M, Reimann K, Jäger C, Reinert T, et al. Short-range human cortico-cortical white matter fibers have thinner axons and are less myelinated compared to long-range fibers despite a similar g-ratio. PLoS Biol. 2025;23:e3002906. PMID: 40834043. research paper
  106. Stork L, Stephan S, Kutllovci A, Brück W, Metz I. Impaired remyelination in late-onset multiple sclerosis. Acta Neuropathol. 2025;149:30. PMID: 40167776. research paper
  107. Kornfeld SF, Cummings SE, Yaworski R, De Repentigny Y, Gagnon S, Zandee S, et al. Loss of miR-145 promotes remyelination and functional recovery in a model of chronic central demyelination. Commun Biol. 2024;7:813. PMID: 38965401. research paper
  108. Caratis F, Opiełka M, Hausmann M, Velasco-Estevez M, Rojek B, de Vallière C, et al. The proton-sensing receptors TDAG8 and GPR4 are differentially expressed in human and mouse oligodendrocytes: Exploring their role in neuroinflammation and multiple sclerosis. PLoS One. 2024;19:e0283060. PMID: 38527054. research paper
  109. Luchicchi A, Muñoz-Gonzalez G, Halperin ST, Strijbis E, van Dijk LHM, Foutiadou C, et al. Micro-diffusely abnormal white matter: An early multiple sclerosis lesion phase with intensified myelin blistering. Ann Clin Transl Neurol. 2024;11:973-988. PMID: 38425098. research paper
  110. Rowland ME, Jiang Y, Shafiq S, Ghahramani A, Pena-Ortiz MA, Dumeaux V, et al. Systemic and intrinsic functions of ATRX in glial cell fate and CNS myelination in male mice. Nat Commun. 2023;14:7090. PMID: 37925436. research paper
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  113. Dagkonaki A, Avloniti M, Evangelidou M, Papazian I, Kanistras I, Tseveleki V, et al. Mannan-MOG35-55 Reverses Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis, Inducing a Peripheral Type 2 Myeloid Response, Reducing CNS Inflammation, and Preserving Axons in Spinal Cord Lesions. Front Immunol. 2020;11:575451. PMID: 33329540. research paper
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Current News 1

Filed by MeSH heading or keyword; each paper says which one matched. The Current News page holds the dated feed.

  1. Zhang A, Chan JR. Right on cue-Neuronal signals guide myelination in the developing cortex. Dev Cell. 2026;61:1172-1173. PMID: 42269597. publication type: Comment

Medications and Therapies 28

Filed by MeSH heading or keyword; each paper says which one matched. The Medications and Therapies page holds the dated feed.

  1. Ricigliano VAG. Effects of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulators on remyelination in multiple sclerosis: evidence from in vitro experiments, animal models and human studies. Front Immunol. 2026;17:1895118. PMID: 42780639. MeSH: Multiple Sclerosis/drug therapy
  2. Børresen ML, Christensen JR, Linnet KM, Nilsson C, Papp V, Svendsen KB, et al. [Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease]. Ugeskr Laeger. 2026;188:V07250546. PMID: 42746943. MeSH: Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody-Associated Disease/drug therapy
  3. Wang X, Dong X, He C, Zhang J, Ban W, Zhu G, et al. Emodin Suppresses the RAGE/ROCK1 Pathway to Modulate the Oligodendrocyte Lineage and Ameliorate Demyelination in Vascular Dementia Rats. CNS Neurosci Ther. 2026;32:e71154. PMID: 42745680. MeSH: Emodin/pharmacology
  4. Deng S, Gao S, Zhou C, Lan Z, Li H, Chen J, et al. Oligodendrocyte-Targeted SGK1.1 Inhibition Alleviates White Matter Injury and Cognitive Impairment in Alzheimer's Disease via Modulation of HDAC2 Phosphorylation. CNS Neurosci Ther. 2026;32:e71150. PMID: 42711949. MeSH: Immediate-Early Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
  5. Nanou A, Apostolou-Karampelis K, Triantafyllidou V, Sakkou M, Roumelioti F, Denis MC, et al. Fibronectin inhibition restores myelination in endothelial TNFR2-dependent nonremitting experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2026;123:e2616799123. PMID: 42709811. MeSH: Fibronectins/antagonists & inhibitors
  6. Xu K, Yang T, Dong HR, Yin TS, Yin JJ, Song LJ, et al. Phenotypic shift of astrocytes from A1 to A2 induced by fasudil improves demyelination recovery in cuprizone-treated mice. Metab Brain Dis. 2026;41:207. PMID: 42704518. MeSH: 1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine/pharmacology
  7. Bienjonetti I, Roy V, Beaudet MJ, Louit A, Martineau L, Berthod F, et al. Rapid Generation of Functional Oligodendrocytes From Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Through Small Molecule Guided Differentiation. J Neurosci Res. 2026;104:e70155. PMID: 42703009. MeSH: Oligodendroglia/drug effects
  8. Bai P, Cao X, Wang S, Cao Q, Li T, Li S, et al. Diquat exposure disrupts ferroportin-dependent iron homeostasis and drives ferroptosis-associated white matter injury. Environ Int. 2026;215:110496. PMID: 42691639. MeSH: Ferroptosis/drug effects
  9. Hacohen Y, Androdias G, Arrambide G, Bruijstens AL, Ciccarelli O, Cobo-Calvo A, et al. De-Escalating and Discontinuing Immunotherapies in Patients With NMOSD and MOGAD. Neurology. 2026;107:e218482. PMID: 42647788. MeSH: Neuromyelitis Optica/drug therapy
  10. Tang H, Sun L, Jia B, Xu T, Xiao J, Zhang R, et al. Carabrone alleviates neuroinflammation by covalently targeting ubiquitin conjugating enzyme UBE2D3 in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Eur J Pharmacol. 2026;1033:179213. PMID: 42628619. MeSH: Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/drug therapy
  11. Hong K, Liang L, Li R, Song Z, Zhang M, Bu H, et al. Case Report: Probable CLIPPERS in a patient with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma in remission: 5-year follow-up. Front Immunol. 2026;17:1892153. PMID: 42620489. MeSH: Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous/drug therapy
  12. Frankle L, Oso M, Riley A, Tomor R, Checan DC, Lee H, et al. Oligodendrocyte and Astrocyte Dynamics During Short-Term Cuprizone Treatment. Brain Behav. 2026;16:e71660. PMID: 42603268. MeSH: Cuprizone/pharmacology
  13. Guerrero-Valero M, Melgarejo E, Marchena MA, Fernández-Gómez B, Mulero-Franco J, de Castro F, et al. Targeting CD44 reverses sphingomyelin-induced oligodendrocyte maturation arrest in acid sphingomyelinase deficiency. EMBO Mol Med. 2026;18:3767-3789. PMID: 42587127. MeSH: Oligodendroglia/drug effects
  14. Wei W, Jin T, Zhang L, Sun Y, Xu Y, Hong X. Case Report: Overlapping multiple sclerosis and neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus with positive MOG-IgG: a case initially misdiagnosed as depression. Front Immunol. 2026;17:1879355. PMID: 42548805. MeSH: Lupus Vasculitis, Central Nervous System/drug therapy
  15. Akli S, Flores-Bonilla A, Nouduri S, Scott S, Richardson HN. Adolescent drinking causes a loss of aspartoacylase-expressing oligodendrocytes and hypomyelination of anterior cingulate and corpus callosum axons in male mice, but not females. Neuroscience. 2026;612:378-394. PMID: 42501783. MeSH: Oligodendroglia/drug effects
  16. Liu C, Bai X, Liu X, Li J, Liu R, Jiang J, et al. Sodium Butyrate Attenuates Sevoflurane-Induced Impaired Myelination and Neurobehavioral Deficits in Neonatal Mice via the H3K9ac/BDNF/TrkB Pathway. CNS Neurosci Ther. 2026;32:e71026. PMID: 42423126. MeSH: Signal Transduction/drug effects
  17. Zhou Y, Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Yuan T, Lassance-Soares RM, Tipparaju S, et al. Therapeutic potential of liver X receptor agonist GW3965 in preserving myelin integrity following traumatic brain injury. Br J Pharmacol. 2026;183:5621-5640. PMID: 42394260. MeSH: Liver X Receptors/agonists
  18. Battah T, Mastorodemos V, Struecker E, Mitsikostas DD, Papadopoulos D. Myelin Repair as a Neuroprotective Strategy for Multiple Sclerosis: From Bench to Bedside. Medicina (Kaunas). 2026;62:1183. PMID: 42356195. MeSH: Multiple Sclerosis/drug therapy
  19. Margoni M, Preziosa P, Rocca MA, Filippi M. Anti-CD20 Therapies in Pediatric Acquired Demyelinating Syndromes: Evidence Across MS, AQP4-IgG-Positive NMOSD and MOGAD. CNS Drugs. 2026;40:1051-1071. PMID: 42334795. MeSH: Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody-Associated Disease/drug therapy
  20. Zhang Z, Yan M, Huang W, Chen Y, Lv T, Chen W. Growth Differentiation Factor 11 Is a Circulating Regulator of Oligodendrocyte Differentiation and CNS Myelin Formation and Repair. CNS Neurosci Ther. 2026;32:e71000. PMID: 42329180. MeSH: Cell Differentiation/drug effects
  21. Hsieh CC, Tsou YS, Huang NK, Chen TC, Li SJ, Chang CW, et al. ENT1 inhibitor J4 restores cognitive function and white-matter integrity in a mouse model of tuberous sclerosis complex. J Biomed Sci. 2026;33:63. PMID: 42310739. MeSH: Tuberous Sclerosis/drug therapy
  22. Li L, Shi Y, Luo Q, Guo P, Jin T, Ru X, et al. CYP46A1-Targeted Treatment Alleviates Long-Term White Matter Injury Following Traumatic Brain Injury by Promoting Cholesterol Metabolic Clearance and Remyelination. CNS Neurosci Ther. 2026;32:e70984. PMID: 42298866. MeSH: Brain Injuries, Traumatic/drug therapy
  23. Kim ME, Lee JS. Pharmacological Targeting of PI3K/Akt/mTOR and Wnt/GSK-3β Signaling in Oligodendrocyte Differentiation and Remyelination. Cells. 2026;15:1012. PMID: 42274605. MeSH: Cell Differentiation/drug effects
  24. Agha Babaie N, Farnia M, Ghasemi JB. Machine learning-driven drug repurposing for GPR17: activity prediction via graph neural networks and multistage computational validation. J Biomol Struct Dyn. 2026:1-24. PMID: 42207497. keyword: drug repurposing
  25. Chen R, Song X, Du Y, Hou S, Zhang M, Liu R, et al. Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease presenting as encephalitis and concurrent Epstein-Barr virus detection: a case series. Front Immunol. 2026;17:1788238. PMID: 42183195. MeSH: Encephalitis/drug therapy
  26. Mouzaki A, de Lastic AL, Apostolopoulos V, Matsoukas I. Oxidized mannan-MOG35-55 conjugate as a platform for antigen-specific immune modulation in multiple sclerosis. Front Immunol. 2026;17:1809907. PMID: 42131329. keyword: personalized immunotherapy
  27. Baldassarro VA, Brassart Q, Fraulob V, Calzà L, Krezel W. RXR Gamma Enables Oligodendrocyte Differentiation by Suppressing Sonic Hedgehog Signaling. Glia. 2026;74:e70151. PMID: 41934103. MeSH: Oligodendroglia/drug effects
  28. Dagkonaki A, Avloniti M, Evangelidou M, Papazian I, Kanistras I, Tseveleki V, et al. Mannan-MOG35-55 Reverses Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis, Inducing a Peripheral Type 2 Myeloid Response, Reducing CNS Inflammation, and Preserving Axons in Spinal Cord Lesions. Front Immunol. 2020;11:575451. PMID: 33329540. MeSH: Axons/drug effects

Neurotransmitters and Signaling 21

Filed by MeSH heading or keyword; each paper says which one matched. The Neurotransmitters and Signaling page holds the dated feed.

  1. Ricigliano VAG. Effects of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulators on remyelination in multiple sclerosis: evidence from in vitro experiments, animal models and human studies. Front Immunol. 2026;17:1895118. PMID: 42780639. MeSH: Sphingosine 1 Phosphate Receptor Modulators
  2. Wang X, Dong X, He C, Zhang J, Ban W, Zhu G, et al. Emodin Suppresses the RAGE/ROCK1 Pathway to Modulate the Oligodendrocyte Lineage and Ameliorate Demyelination in Vascular Dementia Rats. CNS Neurosci Ther. 2026;32:e71154. PMID: 42745680. MeSH: Signal Transduction
  3. Shurin MR, Shurin GV, Doyle CM, Lokshin AE, Wheeler SE. Schwann Cell Activity in the Multiple Sclerosis Microenvironment. Cells. 2026;15:1570. PMID: 42738867. MeSH: Signal Transduction
  4. Nanou A, Apostolou-Karampelis K, Triantafyllidou V, Sakkou M, Roumelioti F, Denis MC, et al. Fibronectin inhibition restores myelination in endothelial TNFR2-dependent nonremitting experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2026;123:e2616799123. PMID: 42709811. MeSH: Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II
  5. Tang H, Sun L, Jia B, Xu T, Xiao J, Zhang R, et al. Carabrone alleviates neuroinflammation by covalently targeting ubiquitin conjugating enzyme UBE2D3 in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Eur J Pharmacol. 2026;1033:179213. PMID: 42628619. MeSH: Signal Transduction
  6. Shukla S, Srivastava V, Gaur H, Rai A. Myelin and Oligodendrocyte Dysfunction in Demyelinating and Neurodegenerative Disorders: Signaling Pathways and Therapeutic Targets. CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets. 2026. PMID: 42613694. keyword: signaling pathways.
  7. Zhang Z, Zhang W, Jin L, Wei C, Chen H, Cheng X, et al. Decoding TREM2: A microglial receptor governing the fate of myelin. Cell Signal. 2026;148:112815. PMID: 42595239. MeSH: Receptors, Immunologic
  8. Guerrero-Valero M, Melgarejo E, Marchena MA, Fernández-Gómez B, Mulero-Franco J, de Castro F, et al. Targeting CD44 reverses sphingomyelin-induced oligodendrocyte maturation arrest in acid sphingomyelinase deficiency. EMBO Mol Med. 2026;18:3767-3789. PMID: 42587127. MeSH: Hyaluronan Receptors
  9. Hui SW, Gao X, Yu B, Lei QJ, Liu ZY, Wu SL, et al. GPR30 Functions as a Shared Inhibitory Signal for Both Pericyte-Mediated Angiogenesis and Oligodendrocyte Myelination. Glia. 2026;74:e70206. PMID: 42584200. MeSH: Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled
  10. Ginerete RP, Facchinetti R, Ceccherelli A, Mascio G, Rubio Casado S, Di Menna L, et al. Endogenous Activation of mGlu5 Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors Is Required for Oligodendrocyte Maturation and Myelinogenesis in Mice. Cells. 2026;15:1311. PMID: 42505418. MeSH: Receptor, Metabotropic Glutamate 5
  11. Liu C, Bai X, Liu X, Li J, Liu R, Jiang J, et al. Sodium Butyrate Attenuates Sevoflurane-Induced Impaired Myelination and Neurobehavioral Deficits in Neonatal Mice via the H3K9ac/BDNF/TrkB Pathway. CNS Neurosci Ther. 2026;32:e71026. PMID: 42423126. MeSH: Signal Transduction
  12. Zhou Y, Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Yuan T, Lassance-Soares RM, Tipparaju S, et al. Therapeutic potential of liver X receptor agonist GW3965 in preserving myelin integrity following traumatic brain injury. Br J Pharmacol. 2026;183:5621-5640. PMID: 42394260. MeSH: Liver X Receptors
  13. Li L, Shi Y, Luo Q, Guo P, Jin T, Ru X, et al. CYP46A1-Targeted Treatment Alleviates Long-Term White Matter Injury Following Traumatic Brain Injury by Promoting Cholesterol Metabolic Clearance and Remyelination. CNS Neurosci Ther. 2026;32:e70984. PMID: 42298866. MeSH: Liver X Receptors
  14. Kim ME, Lee JS. Pharmacological Targeting of PI3K/Akt/mTOR and Wnt/GSK-3β Signaling in Oligodendrocyte Differentiation and Remyelination. Cells. 2026;15:1012. PMID: 42274605. MeSH: Wnt Signaling Pathway
  15. Zhang A, Chan JR. Right on cue-Neuronal signals guide myelination in the developing cortex. Dev Cell. 2026;61:1172-1173. PMID: 42269597. MeSH: Signal Transduction
  16. Barbosa D, Bhambri A, Vasquez M, Zhang Y, Sanchez G, Wert KJ, et al. Disruption to TFEB signaling and autophagy in newly formed oligodendrocytes leads to aberrant generation of CNS myelin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2026;123:e2528668123. PMID: 42268879. MeSH: Signal Transduction
  17. Akbar I, Arokia Doss PMI, Patel PU, Surury B, Baillargeon J, Fazazi MR, et al. Myelin antigen-specific effector CD8+ T cells induce chronic CNS autoimmunity in a CD4+ T cell-dependent manner. J Immunol. 2026;215:vkag107. PMID: 42179347. MeSH: Cytokines
  18. Heidemann PL, Nilsson C, Schmidt SG, Lattwein E, Agerholm JS, Blaabjerg M, et al. Detection of neural autoantibodies in dogs with non-infectious inflammatory central nervous system disorders. J Vet Intern Med. 2026;40:aalag086. PMID: 42160750. MeSH: Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate
  19. Baldassarro VA, Brassart Q, Fraulob V, Calzà L, Krezel W. RXR Gamma Enables Oligodendrocyte Differentiation by Suppressing Sonic Hedgehog Signaling. Glia. 2026;74:e70151. PMID: 41934103. MeSH: Signal Transduction
  20. Caratis F, Opiełka M, Hausmann M, Velasco-Estevez M, Rojek B, de Vallière C, et al. The proton-sensing receptors TDAG8 and GPR4 are differentially expressed in human and mouse oligodendrocytes: Exploring their role in neuroinflammation and multiple sclerosis. PLoS One. 2024;19:e0283060. PMID: 38527054. MeSH: Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled
  21. Dagkonaki A, Avloniti M, Evangelidou M, Papazian I, Kanistras I, Tseveleki V, et al. Mannan-MOG35-55 Reverses Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis, Inducing a Peripheral Type 2 Myeloid Response, Reducing CNS Inflammation, and Preserving Axons in Spinal Cord Lesions. Front Immunol. 2020;11:575451. PMID: 33329540. MeSH: Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit